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Nine Years' War (Ireland)
The Nine Years' War ((アイルランド語:Cogadh na Naoi mBliana〔(Focal.ie )〕 ''or'' Cogadh Naoi mBlian)〔Stair-Sheanchas Éireann, Cuid a haon, by Mícheál Ó Siochfhradha, p. 121〕) or Tyrone's Rebellion〔''Tyrone's Rebellion: The Outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland''. Hiram Morgan. Boydell Press (1993).〕〔''Contested Island: Ireland 1460–1630''. Sean J Connolly. Oxford University Press (2007). page 233.〕 took place in Ireland from 1594 to 1603. It was fought between the forces of Gaelic Irish chieftains Hugh O'Neill of Tír Eoghain, Hugh Roe O'Donnell of Tír Chonaill and their allies, against English rule in Ireland. The war was fought in all parts of the country, but mainly in the northern province of Ulster. It ended in defeat for the Irish chieftains, which led to their exile in the Flight of the Earls and to the Plantation of Ulster.
The war against O'Neill and his allies was the largest conflict fought by England in the Elizabethan era. At the height of the conflict (1600–1601) more than 18,000 soldiers were fighting in the English army in Ireland.〔Falls, Elizabeth's irish Wars, pg 49〕 By contrast, the English army assisting the Dutch during the Eighty Years' War was never more than 12,000 strong at any one time.〔
==Causes==
The Nine Years' War was caused by the clashes between the Gaelic Irish chieftain Hugh O'Neill and the advance of the English state in Ireland, from control over the Pale to ruling the whole island. In resisting this advance, O'Neill managed to rally other Irish septs who were dissatisfied with English government and some Catholics who opposed the spread of Protestantism in Ireland.
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